考试干货：英语四大类基本句

英语有四种句子类型：陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句。

Declarative: Tom'll come to the meeting tomorrow.

陈述句：汤姆明天来开会。

Imperative: Turn to page 232 in your science book.

祈使句：翻到你的科学书第232页。

Interrogative: Where do you live?

疑问句：你住在哪里?

Exclamatory: That's awesome!

感叹句：太棒了!

Declarative

陈述句

A declarative sentence "declares" or states a fact, arrangement or opinion. Declarative sentences can be either positive or negative. A declarative sentence ends with a period (.).

陈述句陈述事实、安排或观点的陈述句。陈述句可以是肯定句，也可以是否定句。陈述句以句号(.)结尾。

I'll meet you at the train station./The sun rises in the East./He doesn't get up early.

我在火车站等你。/太阳从东方升起。/他起得不早。

Imperative

祈使句

The imperative form instructs (or sometimes requests). The imperative takes no subject as 'you' is the implied subject. The imperative form ends with either a period (.) or an exclamation point (!).

命令式形式指示(或有时请求)。祈使句不带主语，因为“你”是隐含主语。命令式形式以句点(.)或感叹号(!)结尾。

Open the door./Finish your homework/Pick up that mess.

开门。/做完作业/收拾残局。

Interrogative

疑问句

The interrogative asks a question. In the interrogative form, the auxiliary verb precedes the subject which is then followed by the main verb (i.e., Are you coming ....?). The interrogative form ends with a question mark (?).

疑问句用于问一个问题。在疑问句中，助动词先于主语，主语后接主语(即，你要来吗…?)。疑问句以问号(?)结尾。

How long have you lived in France?/When does the bus leave?/Do you enjoy listening to classical music?

你在法国住了多久?/公共汽车什么时候开?/你喜欢听古典音乐吗?

Exclamatory

感叹句

The exclamatory form emphasizes a statement (either declarative or imperative) with an exclamation point (!).

感叹词形式强调带有感叹号(!)的语句(声明性或命令性)。

Hurry up!/That sounds fantastic!/I can't believe you said that!

快点!/听起来棒极了!/真不敢相信你这么说!

Sentence Structures

句子结构

Writing in English begins with the sentence. Sentences are then combined into paragraphs. Finally, paragraphs are used to write longer structures such as essays, business reports, etc. The first sentence structure is the most common:

英语写作以句子开头。句子然后合并成段落。最后，段落用于书写较长的结构，如论文、商业报告等。第一句结构最常见：

Simple Sentences

简单句

Simple sentences contain no conjunction (i.e., and, but, or, etc.).

简单的句子不包含连词(即，and，but，or等)。

Frank ate his dinner quickly./Peter and Sue visited the museum last Saturday./Are you coming to the party?

弗兰克吃得很快。/彼得和休上星期六参观了博物馆。/你要来参加聚会吗?

Compound Sentences

复合句

Compound sentences contain two statements that are connected by a conjunction (i.e., and, but, or, etc.). Practice writing compound sentences with this compound sentence writing exercise.

复合句包含两个由连词连接的语句(即and，but，or等)。用这个复句写作练习练习写复句。

I wanted to come, but it was late./The company had an excellent year, so they gave everyone a bonus./I went shopping, and my wife went to her classes.

我想来，但晚了。/公司今年过得很好，所以他们给每个人发了奖金。/我去购物，我妻子去上课。

Complex Sentences

复合句

Complex sentences contain a dependent clause and at least one independent clause. The two clauses are connected by a subordinator (i.e, which, who, although, despite, if, since, etc.).

复句包含一个从属从句和至少一个独立从句。这两个从句之间有一个从属关系(即，谁，尽管，如果，自从，等等)。

My daughter, who was late for class, arrived shortly after the bell rang./That's the man who bought our house/Although it was difficult, the class passed the test with excellent marks.

我女儿上课迟到了，铃响后不久就到了。/那是买我们房子的人。/虽然很难，但这个班以优异的成绩通过了考试。

Compound/Complex Sentences

复合句

Compound/complex sentences contain at least one dependent clause and more than one independent clause. The clauses are connected by both conjunctions (i.e., but, so, and, etc.) and subordinators (i.e., who, because, although, etc.)

复合句/复合句至少包含一个从句和多个独立从句。这些从句由连词(即but，so，and，etc)和从属词(即who，because，while，etc)连接起来

John, who briefly visited last month, won the prize, and he took a short vacation./Jack forgot his friend's birthday, so he sent him a card when he finally remembered./The report which Tom compiled was presented to the board, but it was rejected because it was too complex.

上个月短暂访问过的约翰得奖了，他休了个小假。/杰克忘了他朋友的生日，所以当他终于记起时给他寄了一张卡片。/汤姆编写的报告被提交给董事会，但由于太复杂而被否决了。